Why Do We Care About Grammar

Why Do We Care About Grammar

Why Do We Care About Grammar 01 
English Grammar Boot Camp, English Grammar

English grammar Rules

English grammar Rules 

. 1) A noun always takes a colon if it is to be defined or described.
. Inc:-Thursday, the most spiritual day for all Sai Baba devotees.
. Cor:- Thursday: The most spiritual day for all Sai Baba devotees.

. 2) The noun has to be in singular form if it is to be repeated after a preposition. The noun follows a singular verb.
. Inc:-Kingdoms after Kingdoms were conquered by the mighty Alexander.
. Cor:- Kingdom after Kingdom was conquered by the mighty Alexander.

. 3) Nouns after one of should always be plural.
. Inc:-One of my friend is working with the United Nations.
. Cor:- One of my friends is working with the United Nations.

✎ 4) Cousin is never followed by brother or sister.
✖ Inc:-I love my cousin brothers the same way I love my own brother.
✔ Cor:- I love my cousins the same way I love my own brother.

✎ 5) If a numeral adjective and a fraction of a noun are to be denoted, the noun is chiefly used with the numeral adjective.
✖ Inc:-The food provided by the authority is inadequate as it is just two and a half chapati and some dal for a day.
✔ Cor:- The food provided by the authority is inadequate as it is just two chapati and a half and some dal for a day.

✎ 6) The initial letter of a proper noun (first, middle or surname) and adjectives made of proper nouns are always written with a capital letter.
Example: The most reliable friend of mine is Premananda Das who has always extended his selfless and timely help to me.
✖ Inc:-Premananda Das is known as the emran hashmi of our class.
✔ Cor:- Premananda Das is known as the Emran Hashmi of our class.

✎ 7) Quotation marks are to be used around names of chapters, short stories and poems.
Example: Neel sir is highly adept in 'Permutation and Combination.' ✖ Inc:-Neel sir is highly adept in Permutation and Combination.
✔ Cor:- The famous story 'Winking Woman' is written by Charan Singh.

✎ 8) Proper nouns can be used as common nouns. ✖ Inc:-Abinash Jena is Tendulkar of our colony.
✔ Cor:- Abinash Jena is the Tendulkar of our colony.

✎ 9) A Collective Noun takes singular verb and singular pronoun if its collective sense is felt. ✖ Inc:-The board have taken their decision that Ishant Sharma should be dropped in the next match.
✔ Cor:- The board has taken its decision that Ishant Sharma should be dropped in the next match.

✎ 10) A Collective Noun takes a plural verb and a plural pronoun if it no more gives its collective identity or individual of the group is focused.
✖ Inc:-The panel was divided in its opinion in the mining scam.
✔ Cor:- The panel were divided in their opinion in the mining scam.

✎ 11) Collective Nouns are always considered as neuter gender.
✖ Inc:-A bevy of young girls hold a candle march for the unlucky brave heart Nirbhaya. She is determined to get Nirbhaya justice.
✔ Cor:- A bevy of young girls hold a candle march for the unlucky brave heart Nirbhaya. It is determined to get Nirbhaya justice.

Uncountable and collective nouns

Uncountable and collective nouns

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Uncountable nouns

Any language has nouns identifying materials and abstract concepts that cannot be counted. Uncountable nouns have only one form: either singular, or plural.

Example:

English nouns that only have a singular form:
sugar; bread; love; information; advice; knowledge; progress; money.
Pay special attention to singular nouns that are constructed as plurals: news, politics, physics, phonetics, etc. They must always be used with the singular form of a verb: The news was exciting. Physics doesn't interest me.

English nouns that only have a plural form:
goods; clothes; riches; contents; savings; bowels; whereabouts; surroundings.
To refer to a portion or to many instances of objects designated by uncountable nouns lexical means are used.

Example:

They sell many brands of sugar but few other goods. We gathered a great deal of information. She gave me a good piece of advice. He donated a portion of his savings.

Collective nouns

Collective nouns designate groups of animate objects: family, audience, crew, team, group, army, party, crowd, staff, board, herd, flock. In English, a collective noun can be used, without changing its singular form, to refer either to the group as a whole or to individuals comprising the group. As a sentence subject, such a noun agrees with the singular or plural form of a verb, depending on usage.

Example:

The team has performed excellent.> The team were talking to reporters. My family is large.> My family are having dinner.

Exceptions:

The nouns police, people, and cattle are always used with a verb in plural.

 

Plural Noun English Grammar

Plural Noun

Nouns refer to objects and concepts that either can or cannot be counted. Accordingly, only the so-called countable nouns can have a plural form. The plural of countable nouns in English is formed by adding to their singular form the suffix -s or -es, which is pronounced [z] after vowels and voiced consonants (days, dogs), [s] after voiceless consonants (books), and [iz] after -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -z (horses, watches, boxes). The variant -es is used when the singular form of a word ends in -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -z, or -o with a preceding consonant.

Example:

table> tables; sea> seas; John> Johns; wish> wishes; potato> potatoes. Also note the spelling changes fe> ve, consonant+y> ie: knife> knives; city> cities.

Exceptions:

Plural of the following English nouns is non-standard: man> men; woman> women; foot> feet; tooth> teeth; mouse> mice; child> children; louse> lice; goose> geese; ox> oxen. Some nouns borrowed from Greek and Latin have a special plural form: basis> bases; crisis> crises; phenomenon> phenomena; datum> data; stimulus> stimuli; cactus> cacti. The following nouns have the same form in singular and plural: (this/these) fish, sheep, swine, deer, craft, means, works, headquarters. Manywidely used nouns designating symmetrical objects have only a plural form: trousers, pants, shorts, jeans, trunks, braces, scissors, tongs, scales, glasses, spectacles.

Case

Just like singular nouns, plural nouns also have the possessive case, which is formed by appending an apostrophe to the regular plural suffix -s (pronunciation is not changed) or by using the possessive ending -'s with non-standard plural forms.

Example:

doctors' offices; knives' blades; children's play, these fish's migration.

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Singular Noun English Grammar

Singular Noun 

Noun is a part of speech that describes an object, a person, or a concept. It answers the question 'what is it?' or 'who is it'?. English nouns often have an article 'a' or 'the' . English nouns have categories of number and case. Nouns are often accompanied by a modifier .

Gender

A grammatical category of gender does not exist in modern English. The concept of gender reveals itself only with regard to animate objects. When pronouns are used to designate such objects, their choice is determined not by the grammatical gender of the nouns they substitute, as in many other languages, but by the natural sex of persons or animals they refer to. For example, the word 'cat' can be replaced by the pronoun 'he' or 'she' depending on the sex of the actual animal. All nouns designating inanimate objects can be replaced by the pronoun 'it'. Pronoun 'it' is also used to refer to animals whose sex is unknown or not relevant in a given context.

Example:

boy = he; mom = she; play = it (no gender); wolf = it (wild animal, sex unknown); sun = it (no gender).

Exception:

Traditionally, pronoun 'she' is used to refer to inanimate objects such as cars, ships, and countries.

Case

English nouns have only two grammatical cases: common and possessive. Common case is the main form of a noun, in which it would appear in a dictionary. In this case words do not have any special endings. Possessive case of nouns serves to define the relationship of belonging of one object or concept to another. A singular noun in the possessive case has the ending -'s, which is pronounced [z] after vowels and voiced consonants (play's end; friend's book), [s] after voiceless consonants (wolf's fang), and [iz] after -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -z (rose's smell; brush's handle). Proper nouns that end in -s can either append the regular ending -'s or just an apostrophe (Dickens's novel or Dickens' novel); it is pronounced [iz] in either case. Possessive case of plural nouns see .

Function

A noun can function in the sentence as subject, object, or modifier. When used as objects, English nouns do not change their form but are often accompanied by prepositions . In English a noun may serve as a modifier to another noun without changing its form.

Example:

state border; iron will; shoe store; brick building.